Week 1Foundations Basics & Sentence Rules

Categories: Grammar Accuracy

Week 1: Foundations (Basics & Sentence Rules)

This week focuses on sentence structure, nouns, pronouns, verbs, articles, and subject–verb agreement.

Day 1: Sentence Structure

Rule: The basic English sentence follows the Subject–Verb–Object (SVO) order.
Example: She (S) eats (V) an apple (O).

Exercise (MCQs):

1. Which sentence is correct?
2. a) She playing football.
3. b) Football she plays.
4. c) She plays football.
5. d) Plays she football.
6. Identify the correct sentence order:
7. a) Eats apple he.
8. b) He eats an apple.
9. c) Apple eats he.
10. d) Eats he apple.
11. Choose the correct structure:
12. a) The cat chasing the dog.
13. b) The dog chased the cat.
14. c) Dog the cat chased.
15. d) Cat chased dog the.

Let’s go step by step and deeply understand Subject–Verb–Object (SVO) in English grammar.

1. What is SVO?

SVO stands for Subject – Verb – Object.
It is the most common sentence structure in English.

This means:

• The Subject (the doer) comes first.
• The Verb (the action) comes second.
• The Object (the receiver of the action) comes third.
  
  

Example:
Rajesh (Subject) eats (Verb) an apple (Object).

2. Breaking it down

(a) Subject

• The subject is the person, thing, or idea that performs the action.
• Usually a noun or pronoun.
  Answers the question: “Who?” or “What?” Does the action?

Examples:

• She runs.
• The dog barked.
• Rajesh is reading.

(b) Verb

• The verb is the action or state of being.
• Shows what the subject does or is.

Examples:

• runs, eats, plays, reads, writes, is, are

(c) Object

• The object receives the action of the verb.
• Answers the question: “Whom?” or “What?”

Types of objects:

1. Direct Object → directly affected by the action.
• Example: She reads a book.
• (What does she read? → a book).
  
  
2. Indirect Object → the receiver or beneficiary.
   
   
• Example: She gave me a book.
• (To whom did she give? → me).

3. SVO Sentence Examples

• I (S) love (V) my job (O).
• They (S) play (V) football (O).
• The teacher (S) explained (V) the lesson (O).

English mostly follows this SVO word order.

4. Why SVO is Important?

• English is a fixed word order language.
• Word order decides meaning.
• If you change the order, the meaning changes (or becomes incorrect).
  
  

Example:

• Correct (SVO): The dog (S) chased (V) the cat (O).
• Wrong (OVS): The cat the dog chased. (sounds old-fashioned or poetic).

5. Variations

• Questions: Verb often comes before subject.
  
  
• Example: Did (V) you (S) eat (O) the cake?
  
• Passive voice: Object becomes the subject.
  
  
• Example: The cake (S) was eaten (V) by Rajesh (O).
• Imperatives: Subject is often hidden.
  
  
• Example: (You) Close (V) the door (O).
  
  

6. Visualization

Think of it like a sentence formula:

S       +     V     +     O

(Doer)      (Action)     (Receiver)

Example:

• Children (S) play (V) games (O).
  
  
• Birds (S) build (V) nests (O).
  
  

✅ Summary:

• SVO = Subject → Verb → Object.
• English sentences mostly follow this order.
• Subject = doer, Verb = action, Object = receiver.
• Changing the order changes meaning.