R4RIN – MCQs, Mock Tests | Analytical instruments Analytical Instrumentation MCQ Question Set 10

In Diffractometers, line intensities depend on ______ and kind of atomic reflection centres in each set of plates.

1. Number
2. Position
3. Length
4. Distance between lines

✅ Correct Answer: 1

In Diffractometers, the intensities of the diffraction peaks of a given compound in a mixture are proportional to the fraction of the material in the mixture.

1. True
2. False
3. all of the above
4. None of the mentioned

✅ Correct Answer: 1

In powder diffractometer, the sharpness of the lines is greatly determined by which of the following?

1. Quality of the sample, size of the slit
2. Quality of the slit, size of the sample
3. Thickness of the slit, amount of the sample
4. Number of slits, composition of the sample

✅ Correct Answer: 2

Absorption meter is _____ and _____of the chemical state of the element concerned.

1. Non-destructive, independent
2. Destructive, independent
3. Non-destructive, dependent
4. Destructive, dependent

✅ Correct Answer: 1

X-ray absorption meters have which of the following major disadvantages?

1. Low accuracy
2. Low range
3. Low sensitivity
4. It is destructive

✅ Correct Answer: 3

The applications of X-ray absorption meters are limited when compared with X-ray emission procedures.

1. True
2. False
3. all of the above
4. None of the mentioned

✅ Correct Answer: 1

In absorption meter, which of the following is placed between the cell and the X-ray tube?

1. Collimator
2. Filter
3. Chopper
4. Attenuator

✅ Correct Answer: 3

In absorption meter, which of the following is placed between the chopper and the reference cell?

1. Collimator
2. Filter
3. Photomultiplier tube
4. Attenuator

✅ Correct Answer: 4

In absorption meter, the two halves of the X-ray beam are allowed to fall on which of the following components?

1. Collimator
2. Filter
3. Photomultiplier tube
4. Attenuator

✅ Correct Answer: 3

The photomultiplier tube used is absorption meter is coated with which of the following materials?

1. Sodium
2. Potassium
3. Phosphorous
4. Chlorine

✅ Correct Answer: 3

In absorption meter, which of the following is adjusted until the absorption of two X-ray beams are brought into balance?

1. Collimator
2. Filter
3. Photomultiplier tube
4. Attenuator

✅ Correct Answer: 4

In absorption meter, the change in thickness of aluminium required for different samples is a function of the difference in which of the following parameters?

1. Amount
2. Concentration
3. Colour
4. Composition

✅ Correct Answer: 4

Absorption meters cannot be used to detect broken bones.

1. True
2. False
3. all of the above
4. None of the mentioned

✅ Correct Answer: 2

If the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by matter results in the emission of radiation of the same or longer wavelengths for a long or a short time, the phenomenon is termed as which of the following?

1. Luminescence
2. Fluorescence
3. Phosphorescence
4. Spontaneous emission

✅ Correct Answer: 1

If the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by matter results in the emission of radiation of the same or longer wavelengths for a short time, the phenomenon is termed as which of the following?

1. Luminescence
2. Fluorescence
3. Phosphorescence
4. Spontaneous emission

✅ Correct Answer: 2

If the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by matter results in the emission of radiation of the same or longer wavelengths for a long time, the phenomenon is termed as which of the following?

1. Luminescence
2. Fluorescence
3. Phosphorescence
4. Spontaneous emission

✅ Correct Answer: 3

Prompt emission of X-ray by an atom ionised by a higher energy X-ray is a type of which of the following phenomena?

1. Luminescence
2. Fluorescence
3. Phosphorescence
4. Spontaneous emission

✅ Correct Answer: 2

The measurement of intensity of fluorescent X-rays provide a simple and _______ way of ______ analysis.

1. Destructive, quantitative
2. Non-destructive, quantitative
3. Destructive, qualitative
4. Non-destructive, qualitative

✅ Correct Answer: 2

The energy of the emitted X-rays depends upon the _________ of the atom and their intensity depends upon the _____

1. Atomic number, amount of sample
2. Mass number, amount of sample
3. Mass number, concentration of atoms
4. Atomic number, concentration of atoms

✅ Correct Answer: 4

Which of the following is Mosely’s equation if ‘C’ is the speed of light, ‘a’ is proportionality constant, ‘σ’ is a constant which depends on electronic transition series, ‘Z’ is the atomic number and ‘λ’ is the wavelength?

1. Cλ= a(Z-σ)2
2. C/λ= a(Z-σ)2
3. C(Z-σ)2= aλ
4. C(Z-σ)2= a/λ

✅ Correct Answer: 2

The problem of spectral interference is not severe in X-ray spectroscopy.

1. True
2. False
3. all of the above
4. None of the mentioned

✅ Correct Answer: 1

In X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, the relationship between the excitation intensity and the intensity of fluorescence does not depend on which of the following?

1. Spectrum of the incident radiation
2. Angle of radiance
3. Molecular weight
4. Incident angle

✅ Correct Answer: 4

Fluorescent X-ray spectrometers would require only moderate-intensity X-ray tubes.

1. True
2. False
3. all of the above
4. None of the mentioned

✅ Correct Answer: 2

Which of the following components of the X-ray fluorescent spectrometer induces fluorescent radiation?

1. Excitation source
2. Energy analyser
3. X-ray spectrometer
4. Detection System

✅ Correct Answer: 1

Why is a mono-energetic radiation source required in X-ray fluorescent spectrometer?

1. To provide good sensitivity
2. To provide high accuracy
3. To provide a proper range
4. To reduce unwanted background

✅ Correct Answer: 4

Which of the following does not make the X-ray tube nearly monochromatic?

1. Transmission-anode X-ray tube
2. Secondary fluorescence target
3. Slit
4. Filters noise alone

✅ Correct Answer: 3

Which of the following components make use of a thin metal foil to isolate a nearly mono-energetic excitation beam?

1. Transmission-anode X-ray tube
2. Secondary fluorescence target
3. Slit
4. Filters noise alone

✅ Correct Answer: 4

Energy dispersive system uses which of the following detectors?

1. Optical detector
2. Semiconductor detector
3. Thermistor
4. Bolometer

✅ Correct Answer: 2

In Energy dispersive system, the energy level and the number of pulses is related to which of the following?

1. Amount of sample, element involved
2. Element involved, concentration of the element
3. Concentration of the element, element involved
4. Number of atoms, amount of sample

✅ Correct Answer: 2

The analysis of X-ray beam by diffraction is similar to spectrum analysis carried out with a diffraction grating.

1. True
2. False
3. all of the above
4. None of the mentioned

✅ Correct Answer: 1

The crystal used as X-ray grating has _______ dimensional lattice arrays.

1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. four

✅ Correct Answer: 3

Which of the following can be done to avoid loss of intensities of X-rays due to the absorption of long wavelength X-rays?

1. Apparatus must be contained in a chamber
2. Air in the chamber must be replaced by helium
3. Inert gas atmosphere must be provided
4. Proper slits must be used

✅ Correct Answer: 2

In curved crystal arrangement, angular velocity of the crystal is twice that of the detector.

1. True
2. False
3. all of the above
4. None of the mentioned

✅ Correct Answer: 2

Which of the following is the disadvantage of silicon semiconductor detector?

1. Low stable
2. Can be operated only at low temperatures
3. Have low count-rate
4. Low resolution

✅ Correct Answer: 2

In total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, the specimen is excited by the primary X-ray beam at a grazing angle _______ the critical angle.

1. Greater than
2. Less than
3. Equal to
4. Which is a complement of

✅ Correct Answer: 2

The x-ray beam produced by the primary x-ray tube passes through which of the following components to produce the incident radiation?

1. Detector
2. Slit-collimator arrangement
3. Sample reflector
4. Monochromator

✅ Correct Answer: 2

Which of the following crystals are polished to act as the cut-off reflector?

1. Quartz
2. Beryllium
3. Silicon
4. Lithium

✅ Correct Answer: 3

The suppression of high energy bremsstrahlung radiation improves which of the following?

1. Signal to background ratio
2. Accuracy
3. Sensitivity
4. Coherence

✅ Correct Answer: 1

Which of the following components are used as the sample carrier?

1. Curvette
2. Flask
3. Capillary tube
4. Float glass

✅ Correct Answer: 4

Which of the following devices are used as a detector?

1. Thermistor
2. Optical detector
3. Solid state detector
4. Golay cell

✅ Correct Answer: 3

Which of the following happens when a large solid angle is intercepted as the detector is placed close to the sample?

1. Maximum efficiency increases
2. Maximum efficiency decreases
3. Efficiency is not affected
4. Process response becomes fast

✅ Correct Answer: 1

To monitor the primary beam, which of the following is used?

1. Scintillation counter
2. GM counter
3. Gamma counter
4. Proportional counter

✅ Correct Answer: 2

The major problem associated with sample preparation is which of the following?

1. Preparing sample in the right quantity
2. Choosing sample holders
3. Matrix effects
4. Reflection by holders

✅ Correct Answer: 3

Computer-controlled corrective iteration is the only reliable method of matrix effects correction.

1. True
2. False
3. all of the above
4. None of the mentioned

✅ Correct Answer: 1

In computer-controlled corrective iteration method, which of the following is used to estimate absorption corrections?

1. Initial raw intensity data
2. Elemental composition
3. Amount of sample
4. Amount of radiation

✅ Correct Answer: 1

Total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometer is attractive for elements which lack reliable wet chemical methods.

1. True
2. False
3. all of the above
4. None of the mentioned

✅ Correct Answer: 1

Which of the following is not a type of optics employed in electron probe microanalyser?

1. Electron optics
2. Light optics
3. X-ray optics
4. Gamma optics

✅ Correct Answer: 4

The electron optics consists of an electron gun followed by which of the following components?

1. Collimator
2. Slit
3. Amplifier
4. Electron beam probe

✅ Correct Answer: 4

The specimen is mounted inside which of the following components?

1. Test tube
2. Glass capillary tube
3. Vacuum column
4. Curvette

✅ Correct Answer: 3

The electrons are accelerated by voltages in which of the following ranges?

1. 5 and 50kV
2. 50 and 500kV
3. 500 and 5000kV
4. 25 and 250kV

✅ Correct Answer: 1

Electron probe microanalyser is a method of destructive elemental analysis.

1. True
2. False
3. all of the above
4. None of the mentioned

✅ Correct Answer: 1

Which of the following is the effective resolution limit in electron probe microanalyser?

1. 1mm
2. 10mm
3. 100mm
4. 1000mm

✅ Correct Answer: 1

Micro probe analyser cannot be used on inhomogeneous material.

1. True
2. False
3. all of the above
4. None of the mentioned

✅ Correct Answer: 2

X-ray emission must be analysed against a background of _______ radiation.

1. Blue
2. Yellow
3. White
4. Green

✅ Correct Answer: 3

Which of the following is the limit of detectability of electron microprobe analyser?

1. 10-14 g
2. 10-140 g
3. 10-7 g
4. 10-70 g

✅ Correct Answer: 1

The alternative method using laser does not analyse vapours by which of the following methods?

1. Mass spectrometer
2. Optical emission
3. Absorption photometry
4. X-ray photometry

✅ Correct Answer: 4

NMR spectroscopy is used for determining structure in which of the following materials?

1. Radioactive materials
2. Insoluble chemical compounds
3. Liquids
4. Gases

✅ Correct Answer: 3

NMR is the study of the absorption of __________ by nuclei in a magnetic field.

1. Radioactive radiation
2. IR radiation
3. Radio frequency radiation
4. Microwaves

✅ Correct Answer: 3

NMR spectrometer provides ____________ and _____________ method of determining structure in soluble chemical compounds.

1. Accurate, destructive
2. Accurate, non-destructive
3. Inaccurate, destructive
4. Inaccurate, non-destructive

✅ Correct Answer: 2

NMR spectroscopy indicates the chemical nature of the __________ and spatial positions of _______

1. Electrons, Protons
2. Neutrons, electrons
3. Nuclei, electrons
4. Nuclei, neighbouring nuclei

✅ Correct Answer: 4

In NMR spectroscopy, the spinning nuclei in a strong magnetic field must be irradiated by which of the following?

1. Perpendicular and stronger field
2. Perpendicular and weaker field
3. Parallel and stronger field
4. Parallel and weaker field

✅ Correct Answer: 2

Interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation can be observed by subjecting a substance to magnetic fields in which of the following manner?

1. Both fields should be stationary
2. Both fields should be varying
3. One field should be stationary and the other should be varying
4. It must be subjected to only one field

✅ Correct Answer: 3

When energy is absorbed by the sample, the absorption can be observed as a change in signal developed by which of the following components?

1. Amplifier
2. Photodetector
3. GM counter
4. Radiofrequency detector

✅ Correct Answer: 4

Which of the following are considered to be the lowest form of Electromagnetic radiation?

1. IR radiation
2. Micro waves
3. UV radiation
4. Radio waves

✅ Correct Answer: 4

The amount of energy available in radio frequency radiation is sufficient for which of the following?

1. Excite an atom
2. Vibrate an atom
3. Vibrate a molecule
4. Affect the nuclear spin of an atom

✅ Correct Answer: 4

Nuclei having either the number of protons or neutrons as odd have _______ spin.

1. Integral spin
2. Half integral spin
3. Zero spin
4. Positive spin

✅ Correct Answer: 2

If the number of protons or neutrons is even the spin of the nucleus will be which of the following?

1. Integral spin
2. Half integral spin
3. Zero spin
4. Positive spin

✅ Correct Answer: 3

The difference between the field necessary for resonance in the sample and in some arbitrary a chosen compound is which of the following?

1. Field shift
2. Matrix effects
3. Chemical shift
4. Resonance shift

✅ Correct Answer: 3

Chemical shift allows a chemist to obtain the idea of how atoms are joined together.

1. True
2. False
3. all of the above
4. None of the mentioned

✅ Correct Answer: 1

Elementary particles such as electrons and nucleus have the property of spin.

1. True
2. False
3. all of the above
4. None of the mentioned

✅ Correct Answer: 1

Which of the following is not a component of mass spectrometer?

1. Inlet system
2. Sweep generator
3. Ion transducer
4. Mass analyser

✅ Correct Answer: 2

Which of the following can be introduced into the ionization chamber directly?

1. Solid samples with low vapour pressure
2. Solid samples with high vapour pressure
3. Liquid samples with low density
4. Liquid samples with high density

✅ Correct Answer: 1

Inlet system is also known as which of the following?

1. Initial system
2. Sample reservoir
3. Sample handling system
4. Element injection system

✅ Correct Answer: 3

Which of the following is normally done to convert the sample into the gaseous state?

1. Sample is pressurized
2. Chemical reactions are made to occur
3. Sample is heated
4. Sample is cooled

✅ Correct Answer: 3

Which of the following probes are used for the introduction of the sample?

1. Silica
2. Quartz
3. Graphite
4. Silverlight

✅ Correct Answer: 1

Which of the following is not a type of ionisation?

1. Field ionisation
2. Spontaneous ionisation
3. Spark ionisation
4. Chemical ionisation

✅ Correct Answer: 2

Mass analyser is similar to which of the following in optical spectrometer?

1. Source
2. Monochromator
3. Detector
4. Sample

✅ Correct Answer: 2

Which of the following is not one of the types of mass analyser?

1. Magnetic sector analyser
2. Frequency sweep analyser
3. Double focussing spectrometer
4. Time of flight analyser

✅ Correct Answer: 2

Which of the following is not a type of ion detector used in mass spectrometers?

1. Electron multiplier
2. Flame emission detector
3. Faraday cup collector
4. Photographic plates

✅ Correct Answer: 2

Which of the following is used to inject liquid samples?

1. Hypodermic needle
2. Glass bulb
3. Capillary tube
4. Curvette

✅ Correct Answer: 1

Under which of the following temperatures is the ionisation chamber maintained?

1. 100oC
2. 200oC
3. 300oC
4. 400oC

✅ Correct Answer: 2

Which of the following is not a characteristic of nebulizers that are commonly used?

1. Low cost
2. Low uptake rate
3. High efficiency
4. High uptake rate

✅ Correct Answer: 4

In glow discharge ion source, the sample is atomised by which of the following process?

1. Evaporation
2. Sputtering
3. Heating
4. Annealing

✅ Correct Answer: 2

Which of the following produces the electron beam in magnetic deflection mass spectrometer?

1. Tungsten filament
2. Quartz rod
3. Silica
4. Rhodium filament

✅ Correct Answer: 1

In magnetic deflection mass spectrometer, in which of the following ways is acceleration applied to the direction of motion?

1. In random manner
2. Parallel to it
3. Perpendicular to it
4. Along it

✅ Correct Answer: 3

Direct focussing is obtained by deflecting the ion beam along a _________ trajectory through the magnetic field.

1. 120o
2. 150o
3. 190o
4. 180o

✅ Correct Answer: 4

Which of the following separate the ions according to their mass-to-charge?

1. Ion source
2. Detector
3. Magnetic sector
4. Electric sector

✅ Correct Answer: 3

Mattauch-Herzog geometry involves a deflection of which of the following radians in a radial electrostatic field analyser?

1. √2Π
2. Π/2
3. Π/3√4
4. Π/4√2

✅ Correct Answer: 4

Which of the following leads to the limitation of resolution?

1. All ions do not have same energy
2. All ions do not have same charge
3. All ions are not of the same size
4. All ions do not have the same charge

✅ Correct Answer: 1

The electric sector field is not subject to hysteresis.

1. True
2. False
3. all of the above
4. None of the mentioned

✅ Correct Answer: 1